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San Cristóbal Island
San Cristóbal (''Chatham'') is the easternmost island in the Galápagos archipelago,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/521051/San-Cristobal-Island )〕 as well as one of the oldest geologically. It is administratively part of San Cristóbal Canton, Ecuador.
Its Spanish (and official Ecuadorian) name "San Cristóbal" comes from the patron saint of seafarers, St. Christopher. English speakers increasingly use that name in preference to the traditional English name of Chatham Island, derived from William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham.〔For continuing usage of "Chatham Island" see e.g. (www.superstock.com ) (www.planetware.com ) (molluscs ).〕
==History==
San Cristobal Island is composed of 3 or 4 fused volcanoes, all extinct. It is home to the oldest permanent settlement of the islands and is the island where Darwin first went ashore in 1835. A small lake called El Junco is the only source of fresh water in the islands. The availability of fresh water is what led to the early settlement of San Cristobal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.galapagos.org/about_galapagos/san-cristobal/ )〕 A penal colony was built on San Cristóbal Island in 1880 for prisoners from mainland Ecuador. This later turned into a military base for Ecuador and export center for the island's products including sugar, coffee, cassava, cattle, fish and lime.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/521051/San-Cristobal-Island )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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